Dramatic devices Essay Example for Free

Dramatic devices Essay Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible for his beliefs in McCarthyism, rampant at that time. He was against it being a hunt of the communist figures, no matter how questionable they being communist in the slightest. It was sparked by a fear that Russia was going to take over the world. Making people scared and suspicious, Miller had to be subtle in expressing his anti McCarthyist views, so he used an allegory a play. This play used the Salem witch hunt, similar because of the unsupported accusations, the people encouraged to denounce their friends, and fear and suspicion. The Salem witch hunt was more brutal, with the witches being killed, with only peoples accusations as evidence. Miller had to recontextualize the story, to stop accusations against him. The first words spoken being My Betty be hearty soon?. The title is fitting as a crucible is a container where metals are purified after heating. It reflects how Proctor has been heated by his ordeal and came through to die, his conscience clear purified. I will explore the techniques used in creating the play, to create various moods in the mind of the audience, in Act I. In Act I we find Parriss and Mrs. Putms children Betty and Ruth, inanimate on their beds. People are jumping to the Devil and Parris is putting that off, scared for his name in the village. We find that Abigail and friends had been dancing in the woods. We do get clues that the girls are faking their illness, as Betty wakes up when Parris leaves the room, we find Abigail quickly becomes the leader; an expert is called in Mr. Hale. Abigail takes the chance to talk to John Proctor, who becomes the main character. Tituba. Parriss slave, as usual is blamed for witching the two children in the woods. This cause a lot of the girls to say they saw each other with the Devil. In terms of this plot tension is created within the audience. The secrecy and mistrust creates this. Talking behind peoples backs and the ducking and diving which takes place is the cause. How the plot thickens so quickly would make the audience more uneasy. The dramatic irony with the talking behind each others backs creates tension, and involves them more; they want to see what happens. The techniques used to create meaning for the reader, is the overture and the prose on the characters. The reader trusts the prose and they give information on the characters, they are there because there can be no nuances or subtext in the speech, creating a fast story, the prose slows it down, getting the reader more involved.  An audience wouldnt have these to guide them, it would be up to the actors to read the prose and interpret them in their acting. The play was performed when McCarthyism was at its peak, so it would be blindingly obvious to the American audience what it was about. The allegory would mean the audience would relate to it, creating tension when they think its about 1 thing, then realize its about something else. The time the story is set in is a somber time, spooky because of the black garments and archaic speech, immediately making the audience uneasy, the first words spoken being My Betty be hearty soon? This inverted language makes it seem more Biblical and legal, heightening the impact they have as does the syntax. The older time distances us, making the characters seem austere and quite oppressive. The double-negative furthers the tension by adding confusion, making it more farcical, which further distances us. Claustrophobia, furthers the tension as there is no escape for the characters, they are trapped which makes the audience feel trapped as well. The first thing we find is that Parriss room is small, with narrow windows and leaded panes like a prison this creates claustrophobia. Parris is trapped, making the audience more susceptible to panic. He is also kneeling he is suppressed by God, it bears down on him. Laws and limitations create claustrophobia as well. Not have permitted anyone to read a novel This shows how small minded the laws were, consequently making the people small minded. Not being able to explore themselves and their emotions, making them bland with no escape from reality. Their creed forbade vain enjoyment Shows how religiously they stuck to their beliefs, making their lives bland and boring, and possibly more excitable over the out-of-the-ordinary. The edge of the wilderness was close by The wilderness was the Devils land, they were locked in their town nothing else existed. It stood dark and threatening How they were held in place, scared to go further. They believedthey heldthe candle that would light the world Shows how small minded they were; the Devils land was irrelevant. Parris makes the audience feel angry and frustrated by the fact that he is supposed to be a leader. He is pompous then the Doctor must search on, unpopular and paranoid a faction to drive me from pulpit, unjust Out of my sight!, ambitious do not preach for children, cowardly they will hound me out of Salem, greedy not used to this poverty, hypocritical in defense of Abigail he calls others witches, overly pious send for Reverend Hale, dishonest and vain in covering truth Uncle the rumour of witchcraft is all about. So he is not a particularly pleasant person. If he denies witchcraft in his own home it could seem dishonorable and suspicious so he doesnt. Even so the audience would realize his difficult position, and give him room to breathe. Abigail is a big character, she schemes her way to becoming the leader of the witches Now look you, all of you. She is fearful of her name in the village Not I, sir Tituba and Ruth This gives her a good position, she can scheme to save herself and being manipulative Now if they be questioning us. The audience can relate to her to an extent, everyone can be a leader and scheme; this also makes her the baddie the audience will be interested in knowing what happens to her. Proctor is the character to which we can relate to, the main one. Through Proctor we have a medium in which we can see something and consider ideas. As does Hale, it put us in their shoes. Proctor sees Abigail as a child, strengthening our bond with him. He also sees through Parris, who we find being very greedy with his fire wood money. Also Giles sued him and he paid up although Giles just misheard him Ive paid you for it Proctor is very honest and just wants to get on with his life. The audience will have an affinity with Proctor. Conflicts between characters Abigail and Elizabeth both love Proctor, Proctor and Parris: Parris isnt godly and is a hypocrite etc. these conflicts are like smaller plots in their own way and add to the audiences excitement, also annoying us when they dont resolve, theocracy religion says the you cant, but they want to.  The structure is broken up with the overture and prose which the actors interpret and use the instructions to show it to the audience. This adds an extra dimension to the play, incorporating the prose, with its history and explanations. Intertextualism, the themes that link Salem and McCarthyism, spark questions it is years since the Salem trials but we still havent learnt, human character prevails. The questions dramatic devices that go unanswered, especially at the end with Proctor being hung, should he have been? He doesnt want to go back to the same society that tried to hang him a dramatic device, people are ready to persecute when that is what they are trying to escape irony. The irony, people went to America to escape and be free, supposed to have got better satiring the American Dream. These themes mean more to a 1950s audience, with the exact same one present.

Shylock as Villian in Shakespeares Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Shylock as Villian in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice In Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice the antagonist of the play is Shylock. Shylock is a wealthy Jewish moneylender. Shylock is probably the most memorable character in the play because of Shakespeare's excellent characterization of him. Shylock is the antagonist in the play because he stands in the way of love, but this does not necessarily make him the villain of the play. Shylock can be seen as both the villain of the play and as a man who is very human. The villain that we see in Shylock is the greedy moneylender. Shylock charges high interest rates and when he is not repaid he insists on revenge. In the play Shylock loans Antonio money, and out of jest he suggests that should the loan not be repaid in time Shylock may cut off one pound of flesh from Antonio's body. Soon after Shylock's daughter runs away from home with Lorenzo, a Christian, and takes her father's ducats with her. When Antonio's ships do not come in and he is not able to repay the loan Shylock is no longer interested in getting his money back. Shylock want revenge for the loss of his daughter through the fulfillment of the bond. In court Shylock is defeated because of his selfishness. Shakespeare also shows the human qualities of Shylock throughout the play. Shakespeare brings out these human qualities by causing us to feel sympathy for him. After the loss of his daughter Shylock ran through the streets crying "My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter!" as children followed him, mocking him. This causes us to feel sympathy for Shylock, even though we may feel him to be a villain. Besides the loss of his daughter and his ducats, after the trial Shylock also looses his property and his religion.

Moringa Oleifera as an Alternative Detergent

1 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction This study about Moringa Oleifera enables the creation of a new homemade detergent and its target to clean fabric and furniture. This study will prove that even vegetables like Malunggay can also be used as house cleaners. This study will try to improve the cleaning powers of the other commercial detergents by adding malunggay extract to it. It will prove that the power of malunggay is not limited and this will prove people wrong. They think malunggay can only be used as medicines or food, but the researchers study, Malunggay’s purpose is to be a liquid detergent.There is a great possibility that malunggay’s power can also clean items in the household. The target of this study is to improve the progress of cleanliness in our economy. Malunggay can clean and it can dissolve dirt in a great speed. Chemically speaking, there is a great possibility that malunggay’s chlorophyll might have the power not the leaves itself. The decisi on in doing this study was made during this late year of 2011 since herbal products such as malunggay shampoos and conditioners.These herbal items are greatly needed by the public market not because only it has a small price, but also it has an effect. Malunggay can clean stains and dissolve them in a great time. Testing malunggay’s power but sooner and sooner, malunggay’s power can be soon unveiled and discovered. When this happens, there will be a great upgrade in the whole economy. 2 Statement of the Problem Moringa Oleifera as an alternative detergent This study will be conducted to develop a horseradish (Moringacae/Moringa Oleifera) liquid detergent.Specifically, this study will attempt to answer the following questions. 1. How long does it take for the moringa detergent to remove stains? 1. 1 Catsup 1. 2Coffee 1. Is moringa detergent better than the stain removing capacity of the commercial detergent? Significance of the study This study will contribute to a grow ing number of demands to a commercial detergent by helping people work easier and finish earlier. People need many detergents for their works such as cleaning clothes but with malunggay detergents, you can clean in just 2-5 wipes the furniture.This can also motivate and challenge school authorities to a cleaner and have a less stress and it’s only for a low cost price. This can contribute to household maids and moms so that they would not have a hard time in removing stains that need to be washed out for a very long time. Scope and Delimitation This study is focused on making an alternative liquid detergent from malunggay. This study is limited to only using malunggay as a detergent not as using this as shampoos and conditioners.The investigation is concerned on the economy of the Philippines may sink down to poverty because of high prices of items in the public market which are needed in great amount have a high cost. This study does not only want the economy of the Philippi nes but also the world’s economy because it can contribute to world safety because it does not have poisonous and hazardous to health chemicals. In the way, we can contribute to the economy, we can save lives, and we can save Mother Earth. 8 Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method and procedure in conducting the study.This includes the Research Design, Materials and Instrumentation, Collection of materials, Preparation of Treatments, Detergent Making, Testing and Evaluation of the Detergent’s Quality and, Statistical Treatment. Research Design The researchers used CRD or Completely Randomized Design because this study has replications of treatments (R) was assigned completely at random to independent experimental subjects. This study has 2 treatments; T1 = Control and T2 = Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera). Materials and InstrumentationThis experimentation used 1 mL of Malunggay extract, 1 mL of Malunggay’s chlorophyll, 10 samples of Malunggay seeds. C ollection of Materials This experiment was done in General Santos City. 1 mL of Malunggay extract and 1 mL of Malunggay’s chlorophyll was from General Santos City. The 10 samples of Malunggay seeds are from the local residences in one of our researchers. 9 Preparation of Treatments Malunggay Extract (mL) Treatments T1 R2 R1 T2 R2 R1 LEGEND T- Treatments R- Replication 10 Experimental Layout T2R1 T1R1 T2R2 T1R2 Legend T – Treatment T2 – Malunggay E. T1 – ControlR – Replication 11 Detergent MakingIn making this detergent, you will need 2 cups of distilled water, Fragrance, 4 packs of unflavored gelatin, an empty jar and, Red food coloring. Heat one cup of distilled water until it boils. Then, stir in 4 packages of unflavored gelatin until dissolved. Remove the mixture from heat and stir in another 1 cup of distilled water. Add 10-20 drops of fragrance and coloring. Pour Malunggay extract and Chlorophyll into the mixture. Stir the mixture then place i n a cold temperature for approximately 5-10 minutes. Pour the gel into a clean jar or a small container. Testing and Evaluation of the Detergent’s QualityThe Malunggay detergent was compared to a commercial detergent by sinking them in the same size of a pail and at the same time with the same number of water and limit of detergent. The same stains were also added. Photographs were taken for public documentations. Statistical Analysis (ANOVA) It used the t-test dependent to determine the significant differences in the two treatments and replications and to understand the statistical independence of one treatment to another treatment on another material and t-test was used to determine which detergent was faster enough to clean the same amount of stains. 2 Chapter IV Results and Discussion This chapter presents and explains the data gathered in texture, graphical and tabular manner. Table 4. 1 Mean Duration in Removing Catsup Stains Treatments| R1| R2| R3| Mean| T1(Commercial) | 13. 00s| 17. 05s| 17. 00s| 15. 22s| T2(Malunggay)| 11. 25s| 12. 35s| 15. 17s| 12. 59s| Table 4. 2 Mean Duration in Removing Coffee Stains Treatments| R1| R2| R3| Mean| T1(Commercial)| 17. 25s| 18. 14s| 17. 25s| 15. 51s| T2(Malunggay)| 18. 35s| 25. 17| 15. 21s| 17. 91s|From the table, it could be seen that replicates 1, 2 and, 3 reflect the seconds in cleaning the stains by each detergent. The mean duration in removing catsup stains using T2 (Malunggay) is much faster at 12. 59s compared to T1 (commercial detergent) which is at 15. 22s. However, the mean duration in removing coffee stains using Malunggay was a bit higher at 17. 91s. The above data prove that Malunggay is indeed an effective household material in removing stains. 13 Chapter V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter states in concise form the generalization in the form of conclusions and the solutions to the problem in the form of recommendations. Conclusions Based on the analysis of the results of this study, th e researchers arrived at the following conclusions: 1. For the Moringa Oleifera detergent to remove the stains, it takes: 1. 1) 12. 59s to remove the Catsup Stains 1. 2) 17. 91s to remove the Coffee Stains 2. Moringa detergent is better than the stain removing capacity of the commercial detergent because it can clean faster without much scrubbing.Recommendations There were factors of the study that need further analysis and consideration. To this, extent, the researchers came up with the following recommendations: 1. Antibacterial Activity Test of Moringa detergent should be conducted. 2. Further studies to the potency of Moringa detergent in removing stains such as chocolate, soy sauce and alike should be done. 14 Abstract This study reveals the use of Moringa Oleifera or locally known as Malunggay, as an alternative detergent in cleaning fabrics and furniture.The alternative detergent was tested against the commercial detergent, by measuring the estimated time both detergents coul d clean. The outcome of the test was that the newly made detergent almost has the same estimated time with the commercial detergent, but cleaning the stains needs more scrubbing if the commercial detergent is used, while on the other hand, cleaning the stains with the alternative detergent provides less scrubbing. Thus, Moringa liquid detergent is an effective household material in removing stains.

Essay Nvqundertake Physiological Measurements - 1328 Words

James Edwards 03/04/1985 CU2698 Undertake Physiological Measurements 1. 1.1 2. Physiological state in defined as â€Å"the condition or state of the body or bodily functions†. This can be measured when we perform our observations. By measuring a patient’s respiratory rate, oxygen saturations, peak flow (in asthma patients), pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, core temperature, blood sugar, pupil reaction and Glasgow coma scale. All these combined measurement can give us an insight into the patient’s health or Physiological state. 2.1 The heart is simple a pump which forces the blood around our bodies through the pipe work we call our arteries and veins. We can measure this force on our vascular system by measuring our blood†¦show more content†¦From above you would think this was only a good thing. But unfortunately a systolic blood pressure of below 90mmHg can cause real problems. The lower you blood pressure becomes the less blood reaches our vital organs like the brain. This can cause simple symptoms such as dizziness or faints. However prolonged hypotension below 80-90mmHg can cause toxins to build up in the blood, this is because the kidneys need a certain amount of blood pressure to filter the blood properly. This can be fatal if left untreated. 2.2 Body temperature is a measurement of the body’s ability to generate or get rid of excess heat. When the body gets to hot the blood vessels near the skin dilate to carry the excess heat to your skins surface. You will also begin to sweat as the sweat evaporates this helps cool you body. When the body becomes too cold our blood vessels contract, this reduces the blood flow to the skins surface to conserve body heat. As we become colder the body can start an involuntary response called shivering. This is where the muscles of the body rapidly contract this extra muscle activity helps generate more heat. Normal body temperature is around 37 °C this is an average of normal body temperatures. Your temperature may actually be 0.6 °C above or below 37 °C depending on the outside temperature or you level of activity. Pyrexia is an elevated body temperature usually above 37.5 °C. This is one of the ways are immune system attempt to fight an infection. Usually the